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msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-09-05 14:11+0600\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-10-12 06:16+0400\n"
"Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n"
"Language-Team: none\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(title):6
msgid "Maximum swappage"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(author:title):8
msgid "Author"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(mail:link):9
msgid "drobbins@gentoo.org"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(mail):9
msgid "Daniel Robbins"
msgstr ""
#. <author title="Editor">
#. <mail link="nightmorph@gentoo.org">Joshua Saddler</mail>
#. </author>
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(abstract):15
msgid ""
"Learn how to improve the swap performance on your Linux server by several "
"orders of magnitude. Author Daniel Robbins takes you through this quick tip "
"on getting the most from your server."
msgstr ""
#. The original version of this article was first published on IBM
#. developerWorks, and is property of Westtech Information Services. This
#. document is an updated version of the original article, and contains
#. various improvements made by the Gentoo Linux Documentation team
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(version):26
msgid "1.3"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(date):27
msgid "2005-10-09"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(title):30
msgid "Getting the most out of swap"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(p):34
msgid ""
"When you set up a brand new Linux server, do you create a single 128 MB swap "
"partition? If so, did you know that you are severely limiting swap "
"performance? Would you like to increase swap performance by several orders "
"of magnitude, and to create swap partitions larger than 1 GB? It's possible, "
"requiring no kernel patches or special hardware, just pure geek know-how!"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(p):42
msgid ""
"Some of you may not really care about swap. After all, Linux systems are "
"typically very memory efficient, and swap is often barely touched. While "
"often true on desktop systems, servers are another story. Because servers "
"may handle unexpected stresses, such as runaway processes, denial of service "
"attacks, or even the Slashdot effect, they need to have adequate high-speed "
"swap so that they do not grind to a halt and possibly crash when all "
"physical memory (and then some) is exhausted."
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(p):52
msgid ""
"Still not convinced that this is a big deal? I'll show you how easy it is to "
"bring down a server by launching a massive amount of new processes."
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(warn):57
msgid ""
"Please, if you try this, do it only on a non-production server that you "
"actually administer!"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(p):62
msgid ""
"Let's say you have two customized <c>grep</c> commands in <path>/usr/bin</"
"path>, called <c>bobgrep</c> and <c>jimgrep</c>. Now, let's assume that "
"<c>bobgrep</c> is simply a shell script that calls the ELF executable "
"<c>jimgrep</c>, as follows:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(pre:caption):69
msgid "The bobgrep script"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(pre):69
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"#!/bin/bash\n"
"jimgrep -r $*\n"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(p):74
msgid ""
"Everything looks good so far, but what happens if <c>jimgrep</c> gets "
"accidentally replaced with a symbolic link to <c>bobgrep</c>? Well, in that "
"case, calling <c>bobgrep</c> or <c>jimgrep</c> will cause an infinite loop, "
"causing hundreds of bash processes to be spawned in mere seconds. This "
"actually happened to me once, and believe me, it hurt!"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(p):82
msgid ""
"If a server doesn't have adequate swap, a situation like this can cause the "
"machine to lock up in much less than a minute. How do we fix the problem? "
"One way is to increase the swap size beyond 128 MB. Fortunately for us, "
"there is absolutely no 128 MB limit on swap under Linux 2.2.x+ and later "
"kernels, as there was in the past. The current limits are approximately 2 GB "
"on x86, PowerPC, and MC680x0 systems, 512 MB on MIPS systems, 128 GB on "
"Alpha, and a whopping 3 terabytes on UltraSparc platforms!"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(pre:caption):92
msgid "Swap partition size limits under modern Linux kernels"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(pre):92
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"x86 2 Gigabytes\n"
"PowerPC 2 Gigabytes\n"
"Motorola 680x0 2 Gigabytes\n"
"Sparc 1 Gigabyte\n"
"MIPS 512 Megabytes\n"
"Alpha 128 Gigabytes\n"
"UltraSparc 3 Terabytes\n"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(p):102
msgid ""
"While it's nice to be able to increase swap partition size to beyond 128 MB, "
"how about increasing performance? Ideally, it would be nice if we could set "
"up swap partitions in a RAID 0 stripe, so that reads and writes are equally "
"distributed between all partitions. If these partitions are on separate "
"drives and/or controllers, this will multiply swap file performance, "
"allowing your servers to handle temporary memory usage \"spikes\" without "
"getting dramatically bogged down."
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(p):112
msgid ""
"Amazingly, all modern Linux kernels, by default (with no special kernel "
"options or patches) allow you to parallelize swap, just like a RAID 0 "
"stripe. By using the <c>pri</c> option in <path>/etc/fstab</path> to set "
"multiple swap partitions to the same priority, we tell Linux to use them in "
"parallel:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(pre:caption):119
msgid "Set multiple swap partitions to the same priority"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(pre):119
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\n"
"/dev/sda2 none swap sw,pri=3 0 0\n"
"/dev/sdb2 none swap sw,pri=3 0 0\n"
"/dev/sdc2 none swap sw,pri=3 0 0\n"
"/dev/sdd2 none swap sw,pri=1 0 0\n"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(p):126
msgid ""
"In the above example, Linux will use swap partitions sda2, sdb2, and sdc2 in "
"parallel. Since these partitions are on different drives, and possibly even "
"different SCSI controllers, read and write throughput will nearly triple. "
"The fourth swap partition, sdd2, will be used only after the first three "
"partitions have been exhausted."
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(p):134
msgid ""
"The <c>pri</c> option is really easy to use. The priority must be a number "
"between 0 and 32767, with 32767 being the highest priority. The swap "
"partitions will be used from highest priority to lowest priority, meaning "
"that a partition with a priority of x will only be used only if all "
"partitions with a priority greater than x are already full. If several "
"partitions have the same priority, Linux will automatically parallelize "
"access between them. This allows you to not only parallelize swap, but also "
"prioritize access so that the partitions on the fastest drives (or regions "
"of the drives) are used first. So, you can set up an emergency swap "
"partition on an old, slower drive that will be used only if all high-speed "
"swap is exhausted first."
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(p):147
msgid ""
"Now it's time to put some of this swapping knowledge into action. To loosely "
"quote Mr. Miyagi of Karate Kid fame: \"Swap on, swap off, geek-san!\""
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(title):155
msgid "Resources"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(li):159
msgid ""
"In <uri link=\"/doc/en/articles/partitioning-p1.xml\">Partitioning in "
"action: Moving /home</uri>, I show you step-by-step how to move <path>/home</"
"path> to a new partition."
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(li):164
msgid ""
"In <uri link=\"/doc/en/articles/partitioning-p2.xml\">Partitioning in "
"action</uri>, I show you step-by-step how to move <path>/var</path> and "
"<path>/tmp</path> to a new partition."
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(li):169
msgid ""
"In my second tip, <uri link=\"/doc/en/articles/partition-planning-tips.xml"
"\">Partition planning tips</uri>, I share several ways of effectively "
"organizing your partition layout."
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(li):175
msgid ""
"The <uri link=\"http://www.redhat.com/mirrors/LDP/LDP/sag/index.html\">Linux "
"system administrator's guide</uri> mirrored on Red Hat's home page."
msgstr ""
#. Link doesn't work anymore, commenting for the time being - fox2mike
#. <li>
#. A good high-level <uri link="http://www.gwdg.de/gs-2.0/chapter2_6.html">
#. overview of Linux system administration</uri>.
#. </li>
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(li):185
msgid ""
"For more information on optimizing file system performance, take a look at "
"Linas Vepstas' <uri link=\"http://www.tldp.org\">Linux Software RAID HOWTO</"
"uri>. Since the most recent software RAID code has been merged into the 2.3 "
"series kernels, it is a viable option for further enhancing Linux disk "
"performance."
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(title):197
msgid "About the author"
msgstr ""
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(p):200
msgid ""
"Daniel Robbins lives in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He was the President/CEO of "
"Gentoo Technologies Inc., the Chief Architect of the Gentoo Project and is a "
"contributing author of several books published by MacMillan: Caldera "
"OpenLinux Unleashed, SuSE Linux Unleashed, and Samba Unleashed. Daniel has "
"been involved with computers in some fashion since the second grade when he "
"was first exposed to the Logo programming language and a potentially lethal "
"dose of Pac Man. This probably explains why he has since served as a Lead "
"Graphic Artist at SONY Electronic Publishing/Psygnosis. Daniel enjoys "
"spending time with his wife Mary and his new baby daughter, Hadassah. You "
"can contact Daniel at <mail>drobbins@gentoo.org</mail>."
msgstr ""
#. Place here names of translator, one per line. Format should be NAME; ROLE; E-MAIL
#: ../../gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/articles/maximum-swappage.xml(None):0
msgid "translator-credits"
msgstr ""
|
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