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-1 gs
- gs - GPL Ghostscript interpreter/previewer
-! Ghostscript version 9.56.1, 4 April 2022
- Usage:
- $ gs [options] [file ...]
-
- Ghostscript is an implementation of Adobe Systems' PostScript (tm)
- and Portable Document Format (PDF) languages. Gs reads files in sequence
- and executes them as Ghostscript programs. After doing this, it reads
- further input from the standard input stream (normally the keyboard).
- Each line is interpreted separately. To exit from the interpreter,
- enter the `quit' command. The interpreter also exits gracefully if it
- encounters end-of-file. Typing the interrupt character (e.g. Control-C)
- is also safe.
-
-2 Description
- The interpreter recognizes several switches described below, which
- may appear anywhere in the command line and apply to all files
- thereafter.
-
- You can get a help message by invoking Ghostscript with the -h
- or -? option. This message also lists the available devices.
-
- Ghostscript may be built with multiple output devices. Ghostscript
- normally opens the first one and directs output to it. To use
- device xyz as the initial output device, include the switch
- "-sDEVICE=xyz"
- in the command line. Note that this switch must precede the first
- .ps file, and only its first invocation has any effect. For example,
- for printer output in a normal configuration that includes an Epson
- printer driver, you might use the command
- gs "-sDEVICE=epson" myfile.ps
- instead of just
- gs myfile.ps
- Alternatively, you can type
- (epson) selectdevice
- (myfile.ps) run
- All output then goes to the printer instead of the display until
- further notice. You can switch devices at any time by using the
- selectdevice procedure, e.g.,
- (vga) selectdevice
- or
- (epson) selectdevice
- As yet a third alternative, you can define a logical name GS_DEVICE
- as the desired default device name. The order of precedence for these
- alternatives, highest to lowest, is:
- selectdevice
- (command line)
- GS_DEVICE
- (first device in build list)
-
- To select the density on a printer, use
- gs "-sDEVICE=<device>" -r<xres>x<yres>
- For example, on a 9-pin Epson-compatible printer, you can get the
- lowest-density (fastest) mode with
- gs "-sDEVICE=epson" -r60x72
- and the highest-density mode with
- gs "-sDEVICE=epson" -r240x72.
-
- If you select a printer as the output device, Ghostscript also
- allows you to control where the device sends its output. Normally,
- output goes directly to a scratch file on Unix and VMS systems. To
- send the output to a series of files foo1.xyz, foo2.xyz, ..., use
- the switch
- "-sOutputFile=foo%d.xyz"
- The %d is a printf format specification; you can use other formats
- like %02d. Each file will receive one page of output. Alternatively,
- to send the output to a single file foo.xyz, with all the pages con-
- catenated, use the switch
- "-sOutputFile=foo.xyz"
-
- To find out what devices are available, type
- devicenames ==
- after starting up Ghostscript. Alternatively, you can use the -h or -?
- switch in the command line; the help message also lists the available
- devices.
-
- To select a different paper size, use the command line switch
- "-sPAPERSIZE=a_known_paper_size"
- e.g.,
- "-sPAPERSIZE=a4"
- or
- "-sPAPERSIZE=legal"
-
- As of this printing, the known paper sizes, defined in gs_statd.ps, are:
-
- PAPERSIZE X" Y" X cm Y cm
- ____________________________________________________
- 11x17 11" 17" 27.94 43.18
- a0 33.0556" 46.7778" 83.9611 118.816
- a10 1.02778" 1.45833" 2.61056 3.70417
- a1 23.3889" 33.0556" 59.4078 83.9611
- a2 16.5278" 23.3889" 41.9806 59.4078
- a3 11.6944" 16.5278" 29.7039 41.9806
- a4 8.26389" 11.6944" 20.9903 29.7039
- a5 5.84722" 8.26389" 14.8519 20.9903
- a6 4.125" 5.84722" 10.4775 14.8519
- a7 2.91667" 4.125" 7.40833 10.4775
- a8 2.05556" 2.91667" 5.22111 7.40833
- a9 1.45833" 2.05556" 3.70417 5.22111
- archA 9" 12" 22.86 30.48
- archB 12" 18" 30.48 45.72
- archC 18" 24" 45.72 60.96
- archD 24" 36" 60.96 91.44
- archE 36" 48" 91.44 121.92
- b0 39.3889" 55.6667" 100.048 141.393
- b1 27.8333" 39.3889" 70.6967 100.048
- b2 19.6944" 27.8333" 50.0239 70.6967
- b3 13.9167" 19.6944" 35.3483 50.0239
- b4 9.84722" 13.9167" 25.0119 35.3483
- b5 6.95833" 9.84722" 17.6742 25.0119
- flsa 8.5" 13" 21.59 33.02
- flse 8.5" 13" 21.59 33.02
- halfletter 5.5" 8.5" 13.97 21.59
- ledger 17" 11" 43.18 27.94
- legal 8.5" 14" 21.59 35.56
- letter 8.5" 11" 21.59 27.94
- note 7.5" 10" 19.05 25.4
-
- Note that the B paper sizes are ISO sizes: for information about using
- JIS B sizes, see `Use.htm'.
-
-2 Initialization_files
- When looking for the initialization files (gs_*.ps), the files related
- to fonts, or the file for the `run' operator, Ghostscript first tries
- opening the file with the name as given (i.e., using the current
- working directory if none is specified). If this fails, and the file
- name doesn't specify an explicit directory or drive, Ghostscript will
- try directories in the following order:
-
- 1. The directory/ies specified by the -I switch(es) in the command
- line (see below), if any;
- 2. The directory/ies specified by the GS_LIB logical, if any;
- 3. The directory/ies specified by the GS_LIB_DEFAULT macro in the
- Ghostscript makefile.
-
- Each of these (GS_LIB_DEFAULT, GS_LIB, and -I parameter) may be either
- a single directory, or a list of directories separated by a `:'.
-
-2 X_resources
- Ghostscript looks for the following resources under the program name
- `Ghostscript':
-
- borderWidth
- The border width in pixels (default = 1).
-
- borderColor
- The name of the border color (default = black).
-
- geometry
- The window size and placement, WxH+X+Y (default is NULL).
-
- xResolution
- The number of x pixels per inch (default is computed from
- WidthOfScreen and WidthMMOfScreen).
-
- yResolution
- The number of y pixels per inch (default is computed from
- HeightOfScreen and HeightMMOfScreen).
-
- useBackingPixmap
- Determines whether backing store is to be used for saving display
- window (default = true).
-
- See the file `Use.htm' for a more complete list of resources.
-
- To set these resources, put them in a file (such as
- SYS$Login:ghostscript.dat) in the following form:
-
- Ghostscript*geometry: 612x792-0+0
- Ghostscript*xResolution: 72
- Ghostscript*yResolution: 72
-
-2 Options
- Note that VMS will convert all command line arguments to lower case
- if they are not within quotes. Therefore, if a certain command does
- not work, try again but with quotes around it.
-
- -- filename arg1 ...
- Takes the next argument as a file name as usual, but takes all
- remaining arguments (even if they have the syntactic form of switches)
- and defines the name ARGUMENTS in userdict (not systemdict) as an
- array of those strings, before running the file. When Ghostscript
- finishes executing the file, it exits.
-
- -Dname=token
- -dname=token
- Define a name in systemdict with the given definition. The token must
- be exactly one token (as defined by the `token' operator) and must not
- contain any whitespace.
-
- -Dname
- -dname
- Define a name in systemdict with value=null.
-
- -Sname=string
- -sname=string
- Define a name in systemdict with a given string as value. This is
- different from -d. For example, -dname=35 is equivalent to the
- program fragment
- /name 35 def
- whereas -sname=35 is equivalent to
- /name (35) def
-
- -q
- Quiet startup - suppress normal startup messages, and also do the
- equivalent of -dQUIET.
-
- -gnumber1Xnumber2
- Equivalent to -dDEVICEWIDTH=number1 and -dDEVICEHEIGHT=number2. This is
- for the benefit of devices (such as X11 windows) that require (or allow)
- width and height to be specified.
-
- -rnumber
- -rnumber1Xnumber2
- Equivalent to -dDEVICEXRESOLUTION=number1 and -dDEVICEYRESOLUTION=number2
- This is for the benefit of devices (such as printers) that support
- multiple X and Y resolutions. (If only one number is given, it is used
- for both X and Y resolutions.)
-
- -Idirectories
- Adds the designated list of directories at the head of the search path
- for library files.
-
- Note that gs_init.ps makes systemdict read-only, so the values of names
- defined with -D/d/S/s cannot be changed (although, of course, they can
- be superseded by definitions in userdict or other dictionaries.)
-
-2 Special_names
-
- -dNOCACHE
- Disables character caching. Only useful for debugging.
-
- -dNOBIND
- Disables the `bind' operator. Only useful for debugging.
-
- -dNODISPLAY
- Suppresses the normal initialization of the output device. This may be
- useful when debugging.
-
- -dNOPAUSE
- Disables the prompt and pause at the end of each page. This may be
- desirable for applications where another program is `driving'
- Ghostscript.
-
- -dNOPLATFONTS
- Disables the use of fonts supplied by the underlying platform (e.g.
- X Windows). This may be needed if the platform fonts look undesirably
- different from the scalable fonts.
-
- -dSAFER
- Disables the deletefile and renamefile operators, and the ability to
- open files in any mode other than read-only. This may be desirable
- for spoolers or other sensitive environments.
-
- -dWRITESYSTEMDICT
- Leaves systemdict writable. This is necessary when running special
- utility programs, but is strongly discouraged as it bypasses normal Postscript
- security measures.
-
- -sDEVICE=device
- Selects an alternate initial output device, as described above.
-
- -sOutputFile=filename
- Selects an alternate output file for the initial output device, as
- described above.
-
-2 Files
-!!! Change
- GS_Root:[Ghostscript.gs4_0]
- Startup-files, utilities, and basic font definitions.
-
- GS_Root:[Ghostscript.Fonts4_0]
- Additional font definitions.
-
- GS_Root:[Ghostscript.gs4_0.Examples]
- Demo Ghostscript files.
-
- GS_Root:[Ghostscript.gs4_0.Doc]
- Assorted document files.
-!!! Change
-2 See_also
- The various Ghostscript document files (above).
-
-2 Bugs
- See the network news group comp.lang.postscript.